查阜西“乡谈折字”琴歌理念的阐释

ZHA Fuxi’s Idea on the Dialect-based Rhymes in Qin Songs

琴学家查阜西提出的“乡谈折字”理念,注重琴歌歌唱语言选择中汉语方言音系的应用价值,方法上讲求唱词中字调与谱音的协调统一。“乡谈折字”通过对方言字调的音乐性分析,将二度或三度音程关系的“谱外之音”融入字调,以“起承转合”的原则处理字调中隐含的曲调节奏,并在整体上兼顾了唱词与曲调的格律相和。在一般意义上,“乡谈折字”可以理解为遵循方言发声规律,重视歌唱语言中的民族、地域、文化特色,激活歌曲艺术生命的歌唱美学原则。“乡谈折字”是可与“字正腔圆”“格律相和”等当代歌曲演唱艺术理念进行对应阐释的歌唱理念,对当代民族声乐艺术具有一定的启示意义。

The Qin theorist Zha Fuxi comes up with the idea of dialect-based rhymes,highlighting the role of Chinese dialects in the lyrics of the Qin songs.Specifically,the dialect-based rhymes aim to balance and coordinate the tones and the sounds of the lyrics,applying the sound beyond the score at an interval of 2 or 3 into the tones based on the analysis of the musical properties of the tones of the dialects so as to deal with the melody hidden behind the tones in line with the principle of smooth transitions.The harmony between the lyrics and the melody of Qin songs is guaranteed.Generally,the dialect-based rhymes can be read as the adherence of the dialect pronunciation rules in the folk songs,valuing the ethnic,local and cultural features of the songs and invigorating beauty into the songs.Corresponding to the modern art ideas such as clear articulation and harmonious rhythms,the dialect-based rhymes can provide reference for modern national vocal music.