公众药品不良反应认知和行为意向的调查分析

Survey and analysis of the cognition and behavioral intention of the public on adverse drug reactions

目的了解公众对药品不良反应(ADR)的认知和行为意向情况。方法采用自行设计的纸质问卷和微信问卷2种形式,对2018年9月至12月在广西科技大学第一附属医院门诊候诊及等候取药的患者或家属进行现场问卷调查。被调查者以无记名方式填写问卷,答毕现场回收。经2位药师筛选合格问卷,对调查问卷中关于ADR认知和行为意向的每个问题选项赋予一定分值,对得分进行百分化,并对调查问卷进行统计分析。结果共回收问卷519份,合格问卷508份,有效回收率为97.9%。受访者对ADR认知的中位得分为50(0,100),行为意向中位得分为86(36,100)。≥60岁的老年人对ADR认知和行为意向的得分均低于20~39岁和40~59岁人群(均P<0.05),大学/大学专科学历者对ADR认知和行为意向得分明显高于中学/中等专业学历者(均P<0.05);城镇居民对ADR认知和行为意向得分均明显高于郊区及农村居民(均P<0.05)。仅有55.9%(284/508)的调查对象对ADR定义的选择是正确的,44.1%(224/508)调查对象认为ADR是用药错误、药品质量或医疗差错造成的,62.6%(318/508)认为发生ADR应该由医院、药品生产企业和监管部门承担责任。在发生ADR后,有91.9%(467/508)的调查对象表示愿意向相关部门报告,但有25.6%(130/508)的调查对象不知道报告部门和不知道如何填写报表。结论公众对ADR的认知度较低;尽管有报告ADR的意向,但因对ADR的认知度较低,对报告部门、报告途径等不了解而受限。

Objective To understand the condition of the cognition and behavioral intention of the public on adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Methods On-the-spot questionnaire survey was conducted,using self-designed paper and WeChat questionnaires,on patients or their family members who were waiting to see a doctor or get medicine in the outpatient department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology from September to December,2018.The respondents filled in the questionnaires anonymously and the on-site questionnaire recovery was conducted.Qualified questionnaires were screened out by 2 pharmacists.A score and its percentile one were given for each question about the cognition and behavioral intention of ADRs in the questionnaires,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 519 questionnaires were collected,of which 508 were qualified,and the effective recovery rate was 97.9%.The median scores of the cognition and behavioral intention of respondents on ADRs were 50(0,100)and 86(36,100),respectively.Both the scores of cognition and behavioral intention on ADRs in the elderly respondents≥60 years of age were lower than those in the respondents with 20-39 and 40-59 years of age(P>0.05 for all).Both the scores of cognition and behavioral intention on ADRs in the respondents with college/university degree were significantly higher than those in the respondents with middle school/secondary professional degree(P>0.05 for all).Both the scores of cognition and behavioral intention on ADRs in the urban respondents were significantly higher than those in the suburban and rural respondents(P>0.05 for all).Only 55.9%(284/508)of the respondents knew the right answer to the definition of ADRs,44.1%(224/508)of the respondents thought that ADRs were caused by medication errors,drug quality,or medical errors,and 62.6%(318/508)of the respondents thought that hospitals,drug manufacturers,and drug regulatory departments should be responsible for the ADRs.After the occurrence of ADRs,91.9%(467/508)of the respondents expressed their willingness to report it to the relevant departments,but 25.6%(130/508)of them did not know which department the ADRs should be reported to or how to fill in the report form.Conclusions The cognition of the public on ADRs was relatively lower.Although there was an intention to report ADRs,it was limited by the lower cognition and the lack of knowledge of ADRs reporting departments and channels.