沈阳市电热管企业工人职业健康认知情况调查

Investigation on occupational health cognition of workers in Shenyang electric heating pipe enterprises

目的本文通过对沈阳市电热管企业工人职业健康知识和维权意识的初步调查,探讨提高小微企业工人职业健康认知的方法,希望对改善小微企业工人职业健康状况提供帮助。方法采用现场填写调查问卷的方式,评估124名工人的职业健康认知和维权意识情况,分析调查结果。结果工人在从事电焊、打磨等作业时,长时间接触噪声、电焊弧光等职业危害因素。96.8%认为在工作中可能受到职业健康危害,仅33.9%认为企业提供了有效防护措施,分别有82.3%和56.5%从未参加过职业健康体检与职业技能培训,82.3%、79.0%、61.3%、54.0%的工人认为有权利要求企业提供舒适的工作环境、职业防护用品、职业技能培训、职业安全教育,对定期体检、缴纳医疗保险、签订劳动合同的要求则较低。结论企业对工人职业健康防护和职业安全教育重视不够,工人缺乏职业健康知识和维权意识,职能部门应加强职业健康宣传,加强对小微企业职业卫生的监管及指导工作。

Objective In this paper,through the preliminary investigation of workers'occupational health knowledge and rights awareness in Shenyang electric heating pipe enterprises,this paper explores ways to improve the occupational health awareness of small and micro enterprises,and hopes to improve the occupational health of small and micro enterprises.Methods The questionnaires were filled in on the spot to assess the occupational health cognition and awareness of 124 workers,and the results were analyzed.Results When workers are engaged in electric welding,grinding,etc.,they are exposed to occupational hazards such as noise and arc welding for a long time.Among 124 respondents,96.8%believed that they may be exposed to occupational health hazards at work,and only 33.9% thought that enterprises provided effective protective measures.82.3%and 56.5% of them had never participated in occupational health checkups and vocational skills training,82.3%,79.0%,61.3%,54.0% of workers believe that they have the right to require companies to provide a comfortable working environment,occupational protective equipment,vocational skills training,occupational safety education,Lower requirements for regular medical examinations,payment of medical insurance,and signing of labor contracts.Conclusions Enterprises pay insufficient attention to occupational health protection and occupational safety education for workers.Workers lack occupational health knowledge and awareness of rights protection.Functional departments should strengthen occupational health promotion and strengthen supervision and guidance for occupational health of small and micro enterprises.