绿肥配施有机肥改良新建红壤橘园的效果研究

Effect of Green Manure Combined with Organic Fertilizer on the Improvement of Red Soil in the Newly Reclaimed Orchard

为探索亚热带低丘新建果园土壤肥力快速提升方法,在浙西选择一新建红壤橘园,进行了为期2年的种植绿肥与联合施用有机肥的土壤培肥试验。试验设对照、双季绿肥、有机肥及双季绿肥+有机肥等4个处理,各处理化肥用量相同。试验结果表明,从土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳、速效氮磷钾、酶活性及土壤容重和水稳定性团聚体等肥力指标的变化来看,培肥效果:双季绿肥+有机肥>有机肥>双季绿肥。在不施用有机肥的条件下,种植绿肥后土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳、有效磷、速效钾、水稳定性团聚体分别比对照增加13.14%、52.00%、27.08%、18.91%、20.25%,土壤容重下降2.90%,但增幅相对较小;土壤有效态微量元素含量几乎没有变化。在种植绿肥的同时施用有机肥可显著增加土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳、有效磷、速效钾、水稳定性团聚体,分别比对照增加94.46%、276.00%、94.41%、110.81%、86.27%,土壤容重下降9.42%;同时可明显增加土壤全磷和微量元素的含量,全磷、有效态硼、钼、铜、锌水平分别比对照增加27.27%、266.67%、72.73%、155.56%、168.18%。种植绿肥同时施用有机肥的紫云英和黑麦草生物量分别为种植绿肥的1.62~1.90和1.79~1.95倍。分析认为,由于新建红壤果园肥力低下,仅靠种植绿肥等生草技术对土壤肥力的提升有限;施用有机肥和种植绿肥方式相结合是新建红壤果园的快速培肥途径。

To explore the rapid improvement of soil fertility in orchards in subtropical low hills,an experiment of soil fertility improvement with green manure and organic fertilizer was conducted for two years in the Red Soil from a newly reclaimed orange orchard in western Zhejiang Province.Four treatments,including control(CK),double-season green manure,organic fertilizer and their combination application were set up in the experiment.The same amount of chemical fertilizer was used in each treatment.The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),available nitrogen(AN),phosphorus(AP)and potassium(AK),enzyme activities,soil bulk density and water stability aggregates were decreased in the order of organic fertilizer combined with double-season green manure>organic fertilizer>double-season green manure.Compared with CK,the contents of SOC,MBC,AP,AK and water-stable aggregates were increased by 13.14%,52.00%,27.08%,18.91%,and 20.25%,respectively,and soil bulk density was decreased by 2.90%under the condition of green manure.The application of organic fertilizer combined with green manure significantly increased the contents of SOC,MBC,AP,AK and water-stable aggregates by 94.46%,276.00%,94.41%,110.81%,and 86.27%,respectively,and decreased soil bulk density by 9.42%when compared with CK.Meanwhile,the contents of total P,available boron,molybdenum,copper and zinc were increased by 27.27%,266.67%,72.73%,155.56%and 168.18%,respectively.The biomass of Chinese milk vetch and ryegrass under the application of organic fertilizer combined with planting green manure was 1.62-1.90 and 1.79-1.95 times than that under planting green manure,respectively.The improvement of soil fertility was limited only by planting green manure due to the low fertility of Red Soil in the newly reclaimed orchards,and the combination of organic fertilizer and green manure was a fast way to improve Red Soil.