毕节地区适宜青贮玉米品种(系)筛选及营养价值评价

Selection of suitable silage maize varieties in the Bijie region based on yield,agronomic and nutritional evaluation

生态畜牧业是贵州脱贫攻坚的主要产业,饲草短缺是限制该产业在贵州地区发展的主要因素之一,尤其是在毕节地区。本研究分别从生育期、生物产量、含水量、株高、穗位高、穗重、穗长与叶片数等8个农艺性状评价35个青贮玉米品种(品系)在毕节地区的适应性。其中,金玉908、黔玉3号、青玉1587和黔青4546等品种(系)成熟期较早,而金玉818、GX276、L667、筑青1号等品种(系)成熟期较晚。金玉818、黔玉3号、金玉908、青玉1587、L667、GX276、黔青4546、GX254等品种(系)产量显著高于对照筑青1号。还测定了各品种(系)的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙与磷等8个营养指标性状,并通过计算得到其相对饲用价值(RFV)和可利用能(DE),相对饲用价值在94.81~200.10之间,糯玉米的相对饲用价值显著优于非糯玉米,消化能的变化趋势与相对饲用价值类似,其中黔糯868和金玉838等品种较好。综合公顷产量、干物质含量、相对饲用价值与消化能,在毕节地区最适推广的青贮玉米品种(系)依次为金玉818、黔玉3号、GX276、金玉908、黔青4546与L667。本研究为在贵州毕节地区发展草畜产业对青贮玉米的品种选择提供了技术支持,对促进区域脱贫攻坚工作的开展有重要意义。

Animal husbandry is widely practiced to reduce poverty in Guizhou Province,and forage shortage is one of the major factors restricting the development of the industry in Guizhou,especially in Bijie region.In the present study,eight agronomic traits(growth period,biological yield,water content,plant height,panicle height,panicle weight,panicle length and leaf number)were analyzed in 35 silage maize varieties or lines,which were representative of the range of different varieties grown in the Bijie region.Among the selected varieties,Jinyu 908,Qingyu 1587,Qianyu 3 and Qianqing 4546 were early-maturing varieties(or lines);while Jinyu 818,GX276,L667 and Zhuqing 1 were late-maturing varieties(or lines).Yields of Jinyu 818,Qianyu 3,Jinyu 908,Qingyu 1587,L667,GX276,Qianqing 4546 and GX254 were significantly higher than those of the‘reference’line,Zhuqing 1.Eight nutritional traits,including dry matter,crude protein,crude fat,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,crude ash,calcium and phosphorus,were also measured in the 35 silage corn varieties(or lines).In addition,the relative feeding value(RFV)and digestible energy(DE)were obtained by regression equation.Relative feeding value ranged from 94.81 to 200.10.Interestingly,the RFV of waxy maize lines was superior to that of non waxy maize lines.The differences between varieties or lines in DE were similar to those of RFV,and Qian-Nuo 868 and Jinyu 838 were the best lines.Based on multivariate evaluation of the yield,dry matter,RFV and DE data,the most suitable silage maize varieties or lines in the Bijie region were Jinyu 818,Qianyu 3,GX276,Jinyu 908,Qianqing 4546 and L667.Our study provides technical information to support the selection of silage maize varieties with superior performance potential to assist the development of grassland and livestock industry in Bijie region of Guizhou Province.Selection of superior crop varieties will potentially make a significant contribution to poverty reduction in this region.