一流大学建设中知识生产创新优化路径研究

Research on the Optimized Path of Knowledge Production Innovation in the Construction of First-class Universities

知识生产创新是一流大学建设的根本所在。中国现代大学属于“后发外生型”,在与西方大学对话和交融中,知识生产模式从传统“庙堂型”经历了“实验室型”、“企业型”和“多主体协同型”的变革。中国大学知识生产模式形成了独特特征:知识生产嫁接其他国家理念和制度安排的同时,有效解决了文化基因不相匹配的问题,在管理体制、动力系统和内部结构等方面形成了自身特色;大学不再是高深知识生产的垄断者,而是与政府、企业、公民社会等知识生产创新主体共同形成了一个“权力场域”;大学知识生产更多受行政、市场等外在激励和规范影响,缺少西方大学的学术自由和学术自治核心价值观做支撑。优化一流大学建设过程中知识生产创新的路径,需要以更加开放的视野和胸襟准确定位,主动构建起具有分层次的、多样化的中国大学体系;与其他知识生产主体开展实质性合作,形成互补嵌入式关系;兼容并包,避免行政权力和市场力量对学术自由过度干预,坚持“立地”发展,为建立本土化学术体系和自信提供“中国方案、中国智慧、中国贡献”。

Knowledge production innovation is the foundation of the first-class university construction.Modern Chinese universities belong to the“post-exogenous type”.In the process of dialogue and blending with western universities,the knowledge production mode has experienced the changes of“laboratory type”,“enterprise type”and“multi-agent collaborative type”from the traditional“temple type”.The knowledge production mode in Chinese universities has formed some unique features:while the knowledge production is grafted with other countries’ideas and institutional arrangements,it effectively solves the problem of cultural gene mismatch,and has formed its own characteristics in terms of management system,power system and internal structure;universities are no longer monopolists of advanced knowledge production,but have formed a“power field”together with knowledge production innovation subjects such as government,enterprise and civil society;university knowledge production is more influenced by external incentives and norms such as administration and market,and lacks the support of the core values of academic freedom and academic autonomy of western universities.In order to optimize the path of knowledge production innovation in first-class university construction:it is necessary to build a hierarchical and diversified Chinese University System with a more open vision and a more accurate positioning;carry out substantive cooperation with other knowledge production subjects to form a complementary embedded relationship;be inclusive to avoid excessive interference of administrative power and market power on academic freedom,and adhere to the“local”development,providing“Chinese scheme,Chinese wisdom and Chinese contribution”for the establishment of local chemical technology system and self-confidence.