“特岗计划”实施的现实困境与优化建议——基于辽宁省三个县区“特岗计划”实施情况的实地调研

Actual Dilemma and Optimization Suggestions of the“Special Post Plan”

“特岗计划”是推进城乡义务教育均衡发展、全面提高义务教育质量的有效途径。十几年来,“特岗计划”为补充乡村教师数量不足、缓解乡村教师结构性短缺、提高乡村教师队伍整体素质做出了巨大贡献,但也面临着超编县区无法及时补充教师、特岗教师没有延伸到村小和教学点、服务期满后流失率比较高、转岗和跨学科教学与课时量过大并存、特岗教师面临交通食宿诸多生活难题并承受婚恋与家庭等巨大压力等问题。“特岗计划”的未来发展,既需要优化整合教师编制动态管理、教师退出和补充以及全科教师培养使用等政策,又需要在扩大政策受益面、落实差别化补助政策、构建梯度化评价方式和晋升制度、扩大本土生源比例等运行机制方面对“特岗计划”进行调整和完善。

The“special post plan”is an effective way to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education and improve the quality of compulsory education comprehensively.For more than ten years,the“special post plan”has made great contributions to supplement the shortage of rural teachers,alleviate the structural shortage of rural teachers,and improve the overall quality of rural teachers.However,the“special post plan”also faces the problem that saper-edition counties and districts can’t add teachers in time,Special post teachers have not been extended to village schools and teaching sites,After the service period has expired,the attrition rate is relatively high,Special post teachers have the phenomenon of transfer and interdisciplinary teaching,and the amount of class hours is too large,special post teachers face many problems in transportation,accommodation and living,and bear huge pressures such as love,family and so on.The future development of the“special post plan”requires the optimization and integration of external policies such as dynamic management of teacher establishment,teacher withdrawal and replenishment,and the use of general teacher training,as well as expanding policy benefits,implementing differentiated subsidy policies,and establishing gradient evaluation and promotion system,adiusting and improving the“special post plan”in terms of the expansion of the proportion of local students.