跨国外包的劳动经济学解释:工资、劳动效率和劳动力结构的分析视角

Labor Economics Explanation of Offshore Outsourcing: An Analytical Perspective of Wage, Labor Efficiency and Labor Structure

微观企业的外包决策取决于成本比较和价格博弈,而一个国家跨国外包的实施则与工资水平、社会劳动效率和劳动力结构密切相关,这些因素直接影响着跨国外包的岗位选择、业务规模、接包国选择等。研究显示:跨国外包实际上是国家间劳动力资源优化配置的一种专业化分工方式,其本质上源于国家间资源要素的自由流动障碍,是一国短期弥补劳动力供求矛盾的现实最优选择,与劳动力流动作为调节劳动力资源配置的两种不同方式互为补充,共同起到促进全球劳动力资源配置均衡的作用,有利于扩大社会生产、增加社会财富。此外,岗位性质、业务量、技术水平、国家政治制度设计等都会对跨国外包的实施产生重要影响。

The outsourcing decision of enterprises depends on cost comparison and price game,while the implementation of a country’s offshore outsourcing is closely related to wage level,social labor efficiency and labor structure. These factors directly affect the job selection,outsourcing scale and the choice of providing countries in offshore outsourcing. The research shows that transnational outsourcing is actually a kind of specialized division of labor resources among countries,which is essentially due to the obstacle of the free flow of resource elements among countries. It is the realistic optimal choice for a country to make up for the contradiction between supply and demand of labor in the short term. In addition,the nature of the job,the volume of business,the level of technology,the design of the national political system will have an important impact on the implementation of offshore outsourcing.