倡议联盟框架视角下美国吸引留学生政策变迁研究——以《富布赖特法》为例

Research on the Transition of American’s International Students Policy from the Perspective of Advocacy Coalition Framework--Taking Fulbright Act as an Example

美国《富布赖特法》自实施以来历经多次修订和完善,已成为美国吸引留学生政策的典型代表。而倡议联盟框架对分析《富布赖特法》的变迁具有适切性。在梳理《富布赖特法》发展历程的基础上,运用倡议联盟框架对该政策子系统内的联盟构成和信念体系、以政策为导向的学习、政策子系统外的外部事件变量进行了深入研究,发现深层核心信念的稳定是富布赖特计划经久不衰的根本原因,以政策为导向的学习是引发政策次要变迁的重要机制,外部事件变量为其发展提供直接动力。

Since its adoption and implementation in 1946,the Fulbright Act has been revised and improved many times and has become a typical representative of attracting international students’policy in the United States.Considering the appropriateness of the Advocacy Coalition Framework,it is adopted,based on the historical development of the Fulbright Act,to analyze its formation of coalitions and belief systems,policy-oriented learning within the policy subsystem and external events parameters outside the policy subsystem.It is revealed that the stability of the deep core beliefs is the fundamental reason for the long-lasting life of the Fulbright Program;policy-oriented learning is the important mechanisms for the minor changes of the Fulbright Act;external event parameters directly provide impetus for the Fulbright Act development.