工会会员身份提高了农民工的就业质量吗?——来自流动人口专题调查的证据

Does the Membership of the Trade Union Improve the Migrant Workers’Employment Quality?--Empirical Evidence from Floating Population Survey

在中国基层工会组织和农民工会员规模不断壮大的同时,关于工会参与对农民工劳动力市场结果的实际作用却受到质疑。基于文献回顾和理论分析,借助2014年流动人口专题调查数据,运用处理效应模型、工具变量回归、匹配估计等方法,实证检验工会会员身份对农民工就业质量及其各维度的影响效应。研究结果显示,加入工会组织显著促进了农民工就业质量的提升。具体来看,工会会员身份有助于增加农民工的工资收入,提高其签订长期固定劳动合同的概率,同时对其参与城市养老保险和医疗保险具有正向影响,但并不能直接降低农民工的劳动供给强度。此外,工会会员身份对低就业质量水平农民工的积极效应更为强烈,而对高就业质量水平农民工并未表现出明显优势。

In the context of growing membership of Chinese migrant workers’union,the practical effect of unions on the results of migrant workers’urban labor market has been questioned by academics.Based on the literature review and theoretical analysis,this paper tests whether joining unions can help to improve the employment quality of migrant workers by treatment effect,tool variable regression and matching estimation.The results show that joining unions has promoted the improvement of migrant workers’employment quality.Specifically,union membership contributes to increasing the wage income of migrant workers,increasing the probability of signing long-term fixed labor contracts,and has a positive effect on their participation in urban endowment insurance and medical insurance,but union participation may not directly reduce the intensity of its labor supply.In addition,the positive effects of joining trade union organizations on migrant workers with low employment quality are more intense,while migrant workers who are at high employment quality level did not show a clear advantage.