硫化矿物生物冶金:微生物-化学协同湿法冶金过程及酸性矿山废水的环境保护情况

Sulfide mineral bioleaching:Understanding of microbe-chemistry assisted hydrometallurgy technology and acid mine drainage environment protection

生物冶金是用于处理低品位矿物的一项必要的技术,与传统的火法冶金方法相比,它具有成本低和环境友好的优势。然而,生物浸出过程中矿物表面有钝化膜生成,使得其浸出效率较低。因此,对微生物存在下硫化矿物的溶解和钝化机理的研究有着重要意义。生物冶金有利于金属的提取,但它也是一把双刃剑,会引起一系列严重的环境问题,例如产生酸性矿山废水等。本文概述了一些常见硫化矿物生物浸出过程的研究以及对酸性矿山废水的环境保护情况。

Bioleaching is regarded as an essential technology to treat low grade minerals,with the distinctive superiorities of lower-cost and environment-friendly compared with traditional pyrometallurgy method.However,the bioleaching efficiency is unsatisfactory owing to the passivation film formed on the minerals surface.It is of particular interest to know the dissolution and passivation mechanism of sulfide minerals in the presence of microorganism.Although bioleaching can be useful in extracting metals,it is a double-edged sword.Metallurgical activities have caused serious environmental problems such as acid mine drainage(AMD).The understanding of some common sulfide minerals bioleaching processes and protection of AMD environment is reviewed in this article.