从拥抱自然到梦想校园:美国大学校园形态发展及启示

From Embracing Nature to Dreaming Campus:The Development and Enlightenment of American University Campus

美国的大学不仅在学术上取得了举世瞩目的成就,在校园建设上也发展出自己的特色,成为无数学子的梦想校园。该文基于对美国大学校园形态发展历程的研究,指出美国独特的自然景观导致了美式大学最初的校园形态呈现出拥抱自然的开放式格局,直接体现了校园所处场地和城市的特色。随着校园规模扩大,复杂性和矛盾性日益加剧,拥抱自然的方式也变得层次丰富而富有效率,有效地解决了校园形态发展与空间增长需求之间的矛盾。同时,人文思想对于美式大学校园形态的发展也具有重要的推动作用。上述两个因素的综合作用在很大程度上造就了美国大学校园独特的气质。相对于大学校园中建筑风格和形式层出不穷的变化而言,校园形态成为大学校园中更为本质和恒久的特色。对其进行深入研究有助于我们深入思考中国大学校园形态的发展规律,对我国当前高校的校园建设有着积极的借鉴意义。

The United States is known for its prestigious universities.American university campus has developed its own character,being regarded as dreaming campus by students all over the world.Based on the research on the development of American university campus morphology,we point out that the unique natural landscape in the United States leads to the original campus morphology of American universities,which presents an open pattern of embracing nature.The form of campus directly reflects the characteristics of the site and the city.With the increase of campus scale and complexity,the way of embracing nature becomes rich and efficient,solving the contradiction between the development of campus and the demand of space growth.At the same time,humanistic thought also plays an important role in the development of American university campus.The combination of these two factors has greatly created the unique characteristic of American campus.Compared with the endlessly changing architectural styles and forms,the campus form has become a more essential and lasting feature.It is a helpful reference for us to think deeply about the law of the development of Chinese university campus at present.