基于一个地理单元的社会记忆研究--以宁波市东钱湖传统村落为例

Social Memory Based on a Geographical Unit:Case Studies of Traditional Villages Around Dongqian Lake in Ningbo

地理单元作为人类族群聚居的空间,在一个相对封闭的地理单元内,一个缓慢的"长时段"中,构成了一种自我叙事,成为乡土文化形成、发展、积淀的容器。其中的传统村落既是社会记忆本身,又是传递社会记忆的载体。物质和非物质历史信息,在传递过程中固化为身体化仪式、宗族祭祀、符号文本系统,构成一个集体记忆的社会框架,个体将自身置于这些框架之内,通过约定俗成进入有意义的语言系统,即能指和所指的一一对应。宁波东钱湖因水利工程而兴,历史上是一个独立封闭、自成一体的地理单元,传统村落具有双重属性,反映了地域环境的适应产物和区域历史的物化形式。该文从社会记忆的概念出发,梳理了乡村社会记忆的实践、空间、符号三个系统,以期将传统文化一个地理单元内"原汁原味"的活态保存下来,进一步为我国传统村落的保护工作,从物质表象走向社会本质进行理论探索。

The geographical unit is a living space for human communities within a relatively closed geographical region.It slowly constitutes a kind of self-narrative in a long-term process and becomes a container for the formation,development and accumulation of local culture.Within the region,the traditional village is not only the social memory itself,but also the carrier of social memory.In the process of transmission,tangible and intangible historical information solidifies into a system of body movements in rituals,ceremony of ancestor worship,and symbolic system,which constitutes a social framework of collective memory.Situated in these structures,individuals enter into a meaningful language system through convention,that is,one-to-one correspondence between signifier and signified.Dongqian Lake in Ningbo was formed by a water conservancy project.In history,this district is basically an independent,closed and self-contained geographical region.The traditional villages have dual attributes,the reflection of the adaptive products of this environment and the materialized forms of regional history.Starting from the concept of social memory,we have sorted out the rural social memory systems as three parts:the practice,the space and the symbol,in order to preserve the integral traditional culture in a geographical unit,and further to explore the theory for the protection of traditional villages in China,from physical representation to social essence.