不同品种鲨鱼肝脂质组成特征分析

Analysis of Components Characteristics of Lipid in Different Kinds of Shark Livers

本研究对分布于东太平洋海域的深海长尾鲨(Alopias superciliosus)、大青鲨(Prionace glauca)、路氏双髻鲨(Sphyrna lewini)、镰状真鲨(Carcharhinus falciformis)四种鲨鱼的鱼肝脂质组成特征进行了系统对比分析。结果显示,不同品种鲨鱼肝总脂质含量差异较大,路氏双髻鲨(S.lewini)鱼肝的总脂含量最高,达到60.42%±1.89%;大青鲨(P.glauca)和镰状真鲨(C.falciformis)鱼肝的总脂含量次之;深海长尾鲨(A.superciliosus)鱼肝的总脂含量最低,为7.20%±0.33%。不同品种鲨鱼鱼肝脂质含量和组成差异明显,其中,深海长尾鲨(A.superciliosus)鱼肝的EPA+DHA含量最高,达到总脂肪酸含量的37.27%;路氏双髻鲨(S.lewini)鱼肝磷脂(21.20%±0.18%)、角鲨烯(330.51±4.96 mg/kg)、烷氧基甘油(207.47±6.50 mg/g)含量均为四种鲨鱼中最高。鲨鱼肝富含磷脂、n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸、角鲨烯、烷氧基甘油等海洋活性脂质,具有极高的营养价值。在满足资源保护要求的前提下,对鲨鱼鱼肝资源进行开发时应当结合鱼肝自身特征进行定向利用。本研究可为鲨鱼鱼肝脂质资源的高值精准利用提供科学指导。

The constitutions and characteristics of the lipids extracted from the livers of four kinds of sharks,including Sphyrna lewini,Alopias superciliosus,Prionace glauca and Carcharhinus falciformis,which were systematically analyzed and evaluated in the present study. The results showed that the lipids in shark livers of different species exhibited completely different characteristics. The total lipid content in the liver of the S. lewini was the highest at 60.42%±1.89%,followed by the P. glauca liver and C. falciformis,while the lipid content of the A. superciliosus liver was the lowest at 7.20%±0.33%. The total content of EPA and DHA in the A. superciliosus liver was the highest at 37.27%,and the S. lewini liver possessed the highest phospholipids level(21.20%±0.18%),squalene concentration(330.51±4.96 mg/kg)as well as the alkoxyglycerol contents(207.47±6.50 mg/g).Overall,the shark livers were rich in various marine functional lipids,including phospholipids,n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,squalene and alkoxyglycerol,which resulting in the high nutritional value. The contents and constitutions of the lipids in the shark liver of different species were obviously disparate. When exploiting these resources,the directional utilization should be under the premise of meeting the requirements of resource protection and based on the characteristics of the shark livers. This study would provide scientific guidance for the high-value and accurate utilization of shark liver lipid resources.