我国中小学生家庭参与影子教育的博弈策略

A Game Strategy of Chinese Primary and Secondary School Students’Families Participating in Shadow Education

家庭影子教育参与存在非理性的行为偏差,以家庭经济背景和学生能力为变量,使用博弈论"囚徒困境"和"纳什均衡"理论对对称和不对称情景下家庭参与影子教育的策略选择进行分析,构建家庭在不同博弈情景下影子教育参与模型。研究认为,在对称情景下,"参与"策略降低了家庭影子教育博弈的收益;在不对称情景下,存在被动型、防御型、主动型和主导型四种影子教育参与类型,家庭经济背景对影子教育机会获得的作用大于学生能力;家庭是否参与影子教育取决于其他家庭的策略选择。政府应积极引导家庭转变影子教育投入观念,加强宏观调控降低经济背景对影子教育获得的影响,重点引导较高阶层家庭理性参与影子教育。

There exist irrational behavioral deviations in the participation of families in shadow education.Taking family economic background and students’personal ability as variables,this study analyzes the strategy choices of families participating in shadow education in symmetric and asymmetric situations,drawing on the"prisoner’s dilemma"model in game theory and"Nash equilibrium"theory.It further constructs the model of family participation in shadow education in different game situations.Results show that in the symmetrical situation,the"participation"strategy reduces the returns of families in the shadow education game;in the asymmetric situation,four types of shadow education participation can be identified:passive,defensive,active,and dominant.It is found that family economic background tends to play a greater role in obtaining shadow education opportunities than the ability of individual students.It also reveals that whether a family participates in shadow education depends on the strategic choices of other families.The government should actively guide families to change their conception of investment in shadow education,strengthen macro-control to reduce the impact of economic background and other factors on the obtainment of shadow education,and focus on guiding higher-class families’rational participation in shadow education.