“分光计调整和使用”实验常见问题讨论

Discussion on the frequently asked questions in the experiment of“spectrometer adjustment and use”

结合“分光计调整和使用”实验教学实践,总结了教学中学生常遇到的、包含分光计的调整和实验数据分析过程中6个方面的问题:快速调节载物盘,使盘面垂直于中心转轴;避免过度使用“各半调节法”;准直管所用狭缝宽度的选择;分光计调整至标准状态的确认;望远镜无法观察到三棱镜其中一个表面反射回的狭缝像;计算三棱镜顶角时测量数据“过零”的问题.在此基础之上,给出了这些问题出现原因及相应的解决方案.

Based on our teaching practices in the experiment of spectrometer adjustment and using,six questions that students often involved were summarized,including the adjustment of spectrometer and the analysis of the experimental data.Specifically,the six problems were how to quickly adjust the plate surface of the load plate perpendicular to the central axis of rotation,how to avoid overuse of the“half adjustment method”,how to select the width of the slit,how to confirm that the spectrometer had been adjusted to the standard situation,the slit image reflected by one of the surfaces of the prism could not be observed in the telescope and the problem of“zero crossing”of the measurement data in the calculation of the top angle of the prism,etc.The reasons of these problems and the corresponding solutions were also given.