浅析黄冈大别山世界地质公园地质灾害形成条件及防护对策

Study on Forming Condition of Geological Hazards and Prevention Countermeasures of Huanggang Dabieshan Global Geopark

2018年4月17日,黄冈大别山正式被联合国教科文组织批准为世界地质公园,这标志着黄冈市向世界亮出的首张“世界级”名片,意义重大。在复杂的地质背景条件下,受自然因素与人为工程活动因素影响,园内地质灾害频发。地质灾害破坏了地质遗迹景观与自然生态环境,制约了公园的可持续性发展。本文对黄冈大别山世界地质公园地质灾害现状进行了论述,并对区内地质灾害形成条件进行了分析,结果表明:区内地质灾害类型多样,以崩塌最为发育,灾害规模以小型为主,沿着断裂构造带密集发育;影响地质灾害发育因素有地质构造、地层岩性、地形地貌、气象水文、人类工程活动等,其中地质构造运动是孕灾环境形成的根源与基础,地层岩性为地质灾害形成提供物源,地形地貌为地质灾害发生提供场所,大气降雨则是诱发地质灾害的“导火索”,人类活动,进一步加剧了地质灾害的形成与发展。在此基础上,对区内地质灾害发展趋势进行了预测。最后,针对公园实际,提出了切实可行的防治措施,对今后园区地质灾害防治工作具有一定参考价值。

On April 17,2018,Huanggang Dabieshan Geopark was officially approved by the UNESCO as the Global Geopark,which marks the first“world class”business card that Huanggang City has shown to the world.Under the condition of the complicated geological background,the geological disasters have occurred frequently in the Geopark due to natural factors and human engineering activities.Geological disasters have destroyed the geo-heritage landscape and natural ecological environment,which has restricted the sustainable development of the Geopark.This paper has discussed the current status of geological disasters and analyzed the forming conditions of geological disasters in the Geopark.The results show that∶1)The types of geological disasters are diverse,especially the collapse which is universal;2)The scale of the disaster is mainly small;3)These disasters are intensively developed along the faulted structural belt;4)The geological hazard is controlled by geological structure,stratum lithology,topography,meteorology and hydrology,human engineering activities,etc.5)The geological tectonic movement is the root and foundation,the stratum lithology is the source of material,the topography and geomorphology has provided a place for geological disasters,atmospheric rainfall is the“firewire”,and human activities further aggravate the formation and development of geological disasters.Based on the above,the trend of geological disasters in the Geopark was predicted briefly.Finally,according to the actual situation of the Geopark,practical and feasible prevention measures are put forward,which has certain reference value for the future prevention and control of geological disasters in Huanggang Dabieshan Geopark.