不同家庭模式留守学龄前儿童智力发育水平队列研究

A cohort study on mental development of preschool left-behind children with different parenting patterns

目的了解不同家庭模式下留守儿童智力发育状况。方法选取2017年2~9月,福建省妇幼保健院心理门诊定期进行心理保健的<7岁儿童为研究对象,采用队列研究的方式,以《0~6岁小儿精神发育检查表》为测评工具,通过入园分层,分别对不同留守模式的儿童进行发育商测评。结果入园且父母均在家的儿童发育商最高,为(93.16±11.65)分;未入园、父母不在家的儿童发育商最低,为(72.31±17.54)分。父母居家、入园均可影响儿童的发育商,且居家与入园存在交互作用。暴露于父母双方不在家的儿童,未入园者发育商异常RR=8.57,PAR=88.33%;已入园者RR=3.40,PAR=70.59%。结论随着留守暴露等级的增加,儿童发育商下降,入园可在一定程度上缓解留守劣势,但不能完全取代父母的作用。

Objective To understand the mental development of preschool left-behind children with different parenting patterns.Methods Children under 7 years old who received regular mental health care in Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital from February to September of 2017 were enrolled in the study and were grouped based on whether they were in kindergartens and their parenting patterns.The mental development of subjects were evaluated under the guideline of"A checklist of the neuropsychological development of children aged 0 to 6".Results The score of mental development was the highest of(93.16±11.65)among children in kindergartens and with both parents at home and was the lowest of(72.31±17.54)among children not in kindergartens and being left-behind.Parents at home and being in kindergarten were influencing factors for the mental development of children.The relative risk of abnormal mental development of left-behind children was 8.57 among those not in kindergartens and was 3.40 among those in kindergartens with the attributable risk percentage of 88.33%and 70.59%,respectively.Conclusions The intelligence development level is much lower among children who are left-behind and are not in kindergartens.Being in kindergartens may alleviate the disadvantage of being left-behind,but it may not completely replace the role of parents.