2015-2017年某综合医院医院感染现患率调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Nosocomial Infection Prevalence Rate in a General Hospital from 2015 to 2017

目的:了解与掌握医院感染现状及抗菌药物的使用,为有效预防与控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法:采用横断面调查方法,对医院2015年9月12日、2016年9月7日、2017年8月23日住院患者医院感染横断面调查,并对调查的所有资料进行分析。结果:应调查4160例,实查4125例,实查率99.16%,实查率符合现患率调查要求。2015-2017年医院感染现患率分别为6.12%、4.58%、4.12%,三年调查现患率比较,差异有统计学意义(x^2=6.537,P=0.038)。调查科室中综合ICU医院感染现患率最高,为30.30%,例次感染率为36.36%。2015-2017年医院感染部位均以下呼吸道最高,其次为泌尿道,血管相关最低。2015-2017年现患率调查统计病原菌共172株,以革兰阴性菌为主。2015-2017年调查抗菌药物使用率分别为27.54%、24.09%、23.32%,合计为24.99%,三年调查日的使用率比较,差异有统计学意义(x^2=7.452,P=0.024)。病原学送检673例,送检率79.83%。结论:医院感染现患率调查有助于掌握医院感染现状,根据调查存在的问题,采取相应干预措施,可有效预防与控制医院感染。

Objective: To understand and master the current situation of nosocomial infection and the use of antibacterial drugs in order to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was used to investigate nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients on September 12, 2015, September 7, 2016 and August 23, 2017, and all the data were analyzed. Results: 4160 cases should be investigated and 4125 cases were investigated, the rate of investigation was 99.16%,and the rate of investigation meets the requirement of the investigation of the prevalence rate. From 2015 to 2017, the prevalence of nosocomial infection was 6.12%, 4.58% and 4.12% respectively, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of nosocomial infection between the three-year survey(x^2=6.537, P =0.038). The prevalence of nosocomial infection in general ICU was the highest,was 30.30% and the case-by-case infection rate was 36.36%. From 2015 to 2017, nosocomial infection sites were the highest in the lower respiratory tract, followed by the urinary tract, vascular correlation was the lowest. From 2015 to 2017, the prevalence of 172 strains of pathogenic bacteria was investigated and the main pathogenic bacteria was gram-negative bacteria. From 2015 to 2017, the utilization rates of antibacterial drugs were 27.54%, 24.09% and 23.32% respectively, totaling 24.99%, which has a significant difference in the utilization rates of antibiotics between the three-year survey(x^2=7.452, P=0.024), and 673 cases were sent for etiological examination, the rate was 79.83%. Conclusion: Investigation of nosocomial infection prevalence rate is helpful to grasp the current situation of nosocomial infection. According to the existing problems in the investigation, appropriate intervention measures can effectively prevent and control nosocomial infection.