非“三明治”结构的分子基光电器件

Molecules-based optoelectronic devices beyond traditional sandwich-like device configuration

传统的分子材料光电器件如太阳能电池和有机发光二极管通常采用"三明治"型垂直结构.器件通常由透明底电极、薄膜活性层和顶接触电极构成.该结构优化了光与半导体的相互作用以及载流子的注入和收集,实际应用广泛.近些年,为了降低透明电极的使用成本以及更好地实现非薄膜形态纳米半导体材料的器件构筑,一些非"三明治"结构的有机光电器件也取得了很大进展:发展出了具有微米、纳米电极结构的光伏器件、光电导器件、光晶体管器件、纳米间隙电极器件等,拓展了分子基光电材料的应用研究,与传统夹心型二极管器件相互补充、相互完善.本文主要聚焦在各种非"三明治"结构有机光电器件的构筑与功能化,对有代表性的研究成果进行了总结与评述,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.

Molecules-based optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes typically adopt a so-called "sandwich-like" device configuration, which comprises a transparent bottom electrode, a topelectrode and in between a thin-film active layer. Such a device structure has been widely used thanks to the optimized light-semiconductor interactions and charge-carriers injection/collection. However, in recent years, optoelectronic devices beyond traditional "sandwich" configurations have also developed rapidly, for the purpose of reducing the usage of quite-expensive transparent electrodes. For instance, novel micro-/nano-electrodes have been demonstrated by different groups to boost the performance of organic photovoltaic devices, photoconductors, phototransistors, and nanogap electrode devices, etc. These non-sandwich optoelectronic devices are complementing each other with traditional sandwich-like diodes. In this review, we focus on the construction and functionalization of various non-sandwichstructured organic optoelectronic devices, summarize the recent representative researches and try to give a forecast on the coming advancements in this field.