清代新疆“伊犁九城”建置始末——兼论满城形制的渊源

The Construction of“Ili Nine Cities”in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty:The Origin of“Manchu Cities”Formation

依托丰富的文献资料和古城地图,"伊犁九城"的建置始末可以得到详细的考证。"伊犁九城"包括了满城、汉城、回城等不同类型城市,在选址、城市形制、城内建筑等方面,各城存在诸多共性,也具有不同的特点。通过对满城建置的考察,可以将满城形制追溯到明代卫所城,这可在古城形制及内部建筑上得到印证。明清之际北疆城址形制的延续性,是由古城均由绿营兵建造这一事实直接决定的。

Relying on a wealth of literature and ancient city maps,the construction of"Ili Nine Cities"can be studied in detail."Ili Nine Cities"includes different types of cities such as Manchu Cities,Hant Cities,and Hui Cities.In terms of site selection,urban structure,and urban architecture,there were many common features and different characteristics.Through the investigation of the construction of Manchu cities,the structure of Manchu Cities can be traced back to the Wei-Suo city in the Ming Dynasty,which can be confirmed by the shape of the ancient city and its internal architecture.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the continuity of the shape of the northern Xinjiang city site was directly determined by the fact that the ancient cities were all built by Green Standard Army.