第二次世界大战后英国乡村景观研究的脉络走向及启示

The Research Trend and Enlightenment of Rural Landscape in the UK After World War Ⅱ

英国是全球乡村景观建设和发展的典范。从地理学、生态学及规划学等综合的视角出发,首先从社会背景上分析二战后英国乡村景观的演变轨迹;其次从学术背景梳理英国乡村景观的研究历程,并从学科角度提炼不同阶段的研究重点及研究特征;最后从研究趋势方面讨论学者们最新的研究议题。在梳理和总结英国乡村景观研究的基础上,提出对中国乡村景观研究的启示和借鉴。

The rural landscape is a complex human-nature-society ecosystem. It is also a comprehensive projection of the production landscape, ecological landscape, and living landscape on the physical space. After the Second World War, industry, culture, and technology have profoundly reshaped the rural landscape in the United Kingdom, making it a model of the construction and development of the rural landscape in the world and a hotspot of rural landscape research in the academic circles. Thus, a systematic review of the literature on rural landscape in the United Kingdom would provide theoretical significances for rural landscape research and practical implications for the rural revitalization strategy in China. From the perspective of geography, ecology, and planning, This article first analyzes the evolution of the rural landscape in the United Kingdom. We find that the development of the UK rural landscape has experienced three stages: productivism-oriented, consumerismoriented, and people-oriented-That are consistent with the rural economic, social, demographic, and political changes. This article then reviews the research process of rural landscape in the United Kingdom. We argue that the focus of rural landscape research in the United Kingdom has shifted from the natural landscape and ecological protection to the rural living landscape, reflecting the"humanistic turn"of rural landscape research.We further discuss the trends in rural landscape research, including de-agriculture strategy and the versatility of rural landscapes, the de-community strategy and the development of"people"and equality in rural communities, and rural revitalization and sustainable development of rural landscapes. Finally, the enlightenments and implications of rural landscape research in China are provided.