汽车制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患与工作组织因素的相关性研究

Correlation between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and work organization factors in automobile workers

目的调查汽车制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生情况及其工作组织影响因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经修订的《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》和中文版《工作付出-回报失衡(ERI)量表问卷》,对某汽车制造厂554名工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患患病与工作组织以及社会心理情况进行调查。结果该厂工人WMSDs发生率为661%;不同部位的发生率为114%~395%,其中前四位的依次为颈部(395%)、下背部(348%)、肩部(347%)和踝/足部(339%)。控制潜在混杂因素后发现,休息时间充足(OR=043)、自主选择工作间休息(OR=047)和与同事轮流完成工作(OR=058)是下背部WMSDs的保护因素;每天工作时长(加班)(OR=265)和工作涉及寒冷/凉风或气温变化(OR=177)是下背部WMSDs的危险因素;工间休息时间充足(OR=039)和休息次数(OR=05)是踝/足部WMSDs的保护因素;人员短缺(OR=159)和工作每天重复(OR=287)是肩部WMSDs的危险因素。结论汽车制造工人WMSDs的发生率较高,工作组织因素可能对工人WMSDs产生一定的影响。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and its work organization factors in automobile workersMethods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using revised musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire and Chinese version effort-reward imbalance(C-ERI)to investigate the incidence ofChisquare test and Logistic regression models were used as well to analyze the work organization risk factors of WMSDsResults 1%,the incidence rates of different parts 5%),low back(349%).It was found that after adjusting the potential confounding factors,enough rest time(OR=043),can decide when to rest(OR=047)and work with colleagues in turn(OR=058)were protective factors for WMSDs in low back;frequent overtime work(OR=265)and the work involved cold/cool wind or temperature changes(OR=177)were risk factors of WMSDs in low back;sufficient rest time(OR=039)and enough breaks(OR=05)were protective factors for WMSDs in ankle/foot;while shortage of personnel(OR=159)and the same work every day(OR=287)were risk factors of WMSDs in shoulders.Conclusion The results suggested that the incidence rate of WMSDs in automobile workers is at a high level and the work organization seems to play a role for prevalence of WMSDs in neck,shoulder,low back and ankle/foot.