玩具制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患及其危险因素研究

Research on incidence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a toy factory

目的调查玩具制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,探讨相关影响因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选择电子版《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(修改版)》,对某玩具厂205名在岗作业工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患进行调查,并对其相关危险与影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果获得的184份有效问卷中,工人不同部位WMSDs年发生率179%~391%,前四位依次为肩部(391%)、颈部(375%)、手腕部(326%)和下背部(288%)。各部位不同工种之间WMSDs发生率,除下背部外差异均具有统计学意义(P<001)。与办公室人员比较,搪胶工肩部和手腕部WMSDs发生率差异具有统计学意义(P<005)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同部位WMSDs可能的危险因素不同:肩部和颈部为颈部长时间保持同一姿势(OR=590,527)以及过度或不合理的体育锻炼(OR=291,351);手腕部为长时间弯曲(OR=371)、班组人员短缺(OR72)。下背部防止WMSDs可能的保护因素为工作姿势舒适(OR=0率较高,亟须根据WMSDs的职业、个体、社会心理、组织管理因素制定相关措施,降低WMSDs对工人健康的不良影响。

Objective To investigate the incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)in toy factory workers,and its influencing factorMethods The epidemiological cross-sectional survey was conducted,using revised version of Nordic questionnaire was to investigate the musculoskeletal disorders in 205 on-job workers of a toy factory in past 1 year;the influencing factor of WMSDs and its single or multiple factors analysis were made as wellResults It was showed that according to 184 valid questionnaires obtained,the general annual incidence of WMSDs of different parts of bodies were between 179%to 391%,the leading four parts were shoulder(391%),neck(375%),wrist(326%)and lower back(288%).There were statistically significance in WMSDs incidences of different parts among different except the lower back(P<001),especially the incidences of WMSDs in shoulders and wrists of rubber-slushing workers were significantly higher compared with office staff(P<005).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the possible risk factors for WMSDs might be different for different parts of body,such as the risk factors for shoulder and neck were keeping same position for a long time(OR=590,527),excessive and unreasonable physical exercise(OR=291,351);while long time bending(OR=371)and team shortage(OR=272)were the risk factors for wrist comfortable subjective working posture(OR=034).Conclusion The results suggested that the incidence rate of WMSDs in toy manufacturing industry is at a higher level,therefore,it is urgent to formulate relevant policies and measures according to va-to reduce the incidence of WMSDs and its adverse health effects.