马克思是否关注分配正义——从“按需分配”的中译文谈起

Whether Marx Cares about Distributive Justice:An Argument Based on the Chinese Translation of“jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen”

马克思在《哥达纲领批判》中提出的共产主义高级阶段的所谓分配原则应译为“各尽其能、各足其需”,实际并非分配原则。马克思有正义理论,但不是分配正义,而是“美好生活”(即人的自我实现、自我完善)理论。以罗尔斯的分配正义理论来补充或挖掘马克思的正义思想,是多余的;科亨对马克思自我所有权的批评,是失焦的。对马克思《资本论》的哲学研究,并不是要把马克思变成批判哲学(包括资本逻辑批判)。

“Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten,jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen”put forward by Marx in Critique of the Gotha Programme should be translated into Chinese“各尽其能、各足其需”.It’s not the principle of distribution.Marx has his own theory of justice,which is not distributive justice but the theory of“good life”(i.e.individual’s self-realization or perfection).The attempt of using the theory of distributive justice by Rawls to supplement or systemize Marx’s thought of justice is not necessary and over-interpreting.G.A.Cohen’s critique of Marx’s so-called self-ownership is out-of-focus.The philosophical studies in Marx’s Capital do not mean that Marx’s philosophy is one kind of critical philosophy,which includes the critique of logic of capital.