中国林火卫星遥感预警监测技术研究进展

Forest fire early warning and monitoring techniques using satellite remote sensing in China

中国目前已形成了地面巡护、近地面监测、航空巡护和卫星监测等4级立体林火监测层次,但森林火灾仍是造成中国森林资源损失、森林生态环境安全和人身伤害的主要林业灾害。为对林火预警监测技术研究提供技术借鉴参考,本文从可燃物参数估测、烟区识别、着火点检测、森林大火燃烧动态监测、森林火烧迹地制图、森林火灾受害程度评价、森林燃烧生物量估算和火后植被恢复监测等8个方面,对中国近二十多年来开展的林火卫星遥感预警监测应用技术的研究进展、存在的技术问题和发展趋势进行了分析,并对构建服务于生态文明建设的天-空-地一体化的林火预警监测技术体系建设进行了展望。

Four levels of stereoscopic forest fire monitoring have been established in China, namely, ground patrol, near-ground monitoring, aviation patrol, and satellite monitoring. Forest fire remains the main forest disaster that causes loss of forest resources,threatens the safety of forest ecological environment, and results in personal injuries. This study aims to provide technical reference for the study of forest fire early warning and monitoring technology in the new period of China. The research progress, existing problems, and development trend of forest fire early warning and fire monitoring methods with satellite remote sensing technique in the past 20 years are investigated on the basis of eight fields, namely, fuel parameter evaluation, smoke identification, active fire point monitoring, combustion dynamic monitoring of large forest fire, burned forest area identification and mapping, damage assessment of forest fire, burned forest biomass estimation, and burned vegetation recovery. The design of forest fire early warning and monitoring technology system has been discussed using the integrated information of satellite, aviation, and ground monitoring techniques to promote Chinese ecological civilization.