新疆石油工人职业紧张、激素水平与睡眠关系的研究

Study on relationship between occupational stress,hormone level and sleep of petroleum workers in Xinjiang

目的评价石油工人职业紧张程度以及睡眠质量情况,检测血液中皮质醇、褪黑素与糖皮质激素水平,分析职业紧张与激素水平对睡眠的影响。方法2018年3-9月,采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取在新疆克拉玛依市中心医院进行职业健康检查的2116名在岗石油工人作为调查对象。采用国际通用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评价石油工人心理紧张程度以及睡眠质量情况;从睡眠障碍人群中随机抽取20%作为病例组,与对照组进行性别、年龄、民族1∶1匹配,测定两组人群血液中皮质醇、褪黑素与糖皮质激素3种激素水平并分析激素与发生睡眠障碍的关系。结果(1)调查对象中,睡眠障碍人数占36.67%,人口学特征中倒班及职称对患睡眠障碍有影响(均P<0.05)。(2)紧张程度对睡眠障碍发生率有影响(χ^2=7.747,P<0.05);PSQI总分及其5个子项得分随着职业紧张程度升高而升高(均P<0.01)。(3)3种激素水平中,病例组糖皮质激素水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)Logistic回归分析提示,随着职业紧张程度升高,睡眠问题增多;糖皮质激素是发生睡眠障碍的保护因素(β=-0.011,P<0.01)。结论(1)新疆油田作业工人存在一定的睡眠问题,职业紧张与睡眠均受个体特征的影响;(2)职业紧张程度与糖皮质激素水平均对睡眠有影响。要改善工人的睡眠质量,提高健康水平,可以从降低紧张情绪,缓解工作压力,改善倒班制度方面入手,同时可以通过有效测量血液中的糖皮质激素水平,预测睡眠障碍对健康的危害程度。

Objective To evaluate the occupational stress and sleep quality of petroleum workers,measure the levels of cortisol,melatonin and glucocorticoids in the blood,and analyze the effects of occupational stress and hormone levels on sleep.Methods From March to September in 2018,2116 petroleum workers who received the occupational health examination in the Central Hospital of Karamay in Xinjiang were randomly selected as the research objects by the cluster sampling method.The Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition(OSI-R)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire(PSQI)were used to evaluate the psychological stress and sleep quality of petroleum workers.20%of patients with sleep disorders were randomly selected as the case group,and the control group was matched with gender,age and nationality 1∶1.The blood levels of cortisol,melatonin and glucocorticoids in two groups were measured,and the relationship between hormones and sleep disorders was analyzed.Results①Among the subjects in this study,36.67%of them suffered from sleep disorders,and shift work and job title had influences on sleep disorders in demographic characteristics(both P<0.05).②The intensity of tension had an effect on the incidence of sleep disorders(χ^2=7.747,P<0.05).The total score of PSQI and its five sub-items increased with the increase of occupational stress(all P<0.01).③Among the three hormones,the glucocorticoids level in the case group were lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).④Logistic regression analysis results indicated that sleep problems increased with the increase of occupational stress.The glucocorticoids were protective factors in the development of sleep disorders(β=-0.011,P<0.01).Conclusion①Oilfield workers in Xinjiang have certain sleep problems,and both occupational stress and sleep are affected by individual characteristics.②The levels of occupational stress and glucocorticoids all affect sleep.In order to improve the sleep quality of workers and enhance the level of health,it is necessary to reduce tension,alleviate the pressure of work and improve the shift system.At the same time,measuring the level of glucocorticoids in blood can predict the harm of sleep disorders to health.