军人心理素质训练研究进展

Progresses of researches on military psychological quality training

现代战争的惨烈性要求各国必须重视心理素质训练的研究。近年来,外军心理素质训练实证性的研究一方面集中在减少战场应激和防心理问题的发生率,同时也在军人家庭心理训练方面取得一定的成果。我军心理素质训练研究主要集中在对心理训练科目设置的合理性,心理训练对应对方式、应激水平、心理健康水平等因素的影响以及心理素质训练效果的评估工具3个方面。虽然我军在心理素质训练研究方面基本形成了自己的理论体系,探索了适合我军的训练方法,但还存在许多值得进一步研究的地方。(1)我军心理素质训练实战化的研究可作为今后研究的重点,探索科目设置与军事训练贴合性,相融性以主虚拟现实技术在心理素质训练中的应用;(2)心理素质训练应该更加重视应激管理能力的训练,但也不可忽视认知、情绪、工作记忆、注意等基础心理能力的训练;(3)对军人配偶及子女心理教育训练是今后研究的一个新方向。

The tragic nature of modern war requires that all countries should attach importance to the study of psychological quality training.In recent years,empirical researches on foreign military psychological quality training have focused on reducing the incidence of battlefield stress and preventing psychological problems,furthermore they have also made some achievements in military family psychological training.The researches of our army’s psychological quality training mainly concentrate on the rationality of setting up psychological training subjects,the influence of psychological training on coping style,stress level,mental health and other factors,as well as the evaluation tool of psychological quality training effect.Although our army has basically formed its own theoretical system in the research of psychological quality training and explored the training methods suitable for our army,there are still many places worthy of further study.①The actual combat research of psychological quality training in our army can be the focus of future research,exploring the compatibility between subject setting and military training and the application of virtual reality technology in psychological quality training.②The psychological quality training should pay more attention to the training of stress management ability,but it should not ignore the basic psychological abilities such as cognition,emotion,working memory and attention.③The psychological education training for military spouses and children is a new direction for future research.