Engineering mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with improved targeting and therapeutic efficiency for the treatment of central nervous system disorders

Treatment for central nervous system(CNS)disorders is known to be limited by the low regenerative potential of neurons,and thus neurodegenerative insults became known as nearly irreversible ailments.Functional recovery for acquired CNS disorders,such as spinal cord injury(SCI),traumatic brain injury,ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis(MS),and for congenital CNS abnormalities,such as spina bifida,is not spontaneous and effective treatments are limited to non-existent.Research in the past decades has proven the regenerative potential of stem cells,especially that of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(MSCs)from various origins,such as bone marrow,placenta,and adipose tissue.