墙面的风景:东印度公司与中国通景贴落画的西传

Scenery on the Wall:East India Company and the Spread of Chinese Panoramic Landscape Wallpaper to the West

无论通景画还是贴落画,在中国都有悠远的历史,然而中西合璧的通景贴落画却是相当晚近之物,出现在清初欧洲传教士画师入宫御用之后,乾隆帝更是其忠实拥趸者。通景贴落画于17世纪下半叶西传后,凭借其东方风情及西画基因在启蒙时期的欧洲大受追捧,豪掷千金购求者有之,殚精竭虑仿制者更多,成为风靡当时的"中国风"(Chinoiserie)艺术的独特分支。这一视觉语言的跨文化传播展现了西方接受者对异域中国的憧憬及想象,但也不可避免地造成源语言的折损及对原文本文化意义的多元解构。

While panoramic and landscape paintings have a long history in China,panoramic landscape wallpapers,a mixed fine art introduced by European missionary painters entering the Forbidden City in early Qing dynasty and consistently supported by Emperor Qian Long,are rather premodern products.Spread to the West in the second half of the 17 th century,these wallpapers,featured with both Chinese customs and Western painting genes,successfully captured the enlightened Europeans hearts.Generous purchasers and numerous devoting imitators flocked,making it a distinctive branch of the prevailing Chinoiserie art.The inter-cultural transmission of this visual language not only demonstrated the longing and imagination of Westerners on exotic China,but also brought inevitable loss of source language and the multivariate deconstruction of the original cultural meaning.