1961年英国在联合国中国代表权问题上的政策转变

Britain's Shift of Policy on China s Representation in the United Nations in 1961

1960年第十五届联合国大会的投票结果表明,美国力主的缓议案政策将难以为继。1961年,英美着手酝酿新的对华政策,英国首先提出中进台退方案,遭到美国等盟友反对。继而,美国提出"继承国"方案,也遭到英国等各方盟友反对。随后,美国提出重要事项和委员会结合的新方案,英国权衡之后选择支持。在台湾地区同意放弃否决外蒙古加入联合国之后,美国抛弃了委员会方案。英国为了不得罪各利益方,选择了骑墙策略:既支持苏联要求恢复中华人民共和国在联合国权益的提案,又支持美国的重要事项提案。最终中华人民共和国未能进入联合国。1961年英国的政策转变表明,英国不再完全支持美国在联合国中国代表权问题上的政策,中华人民共和国进入联合国成为大势所趋,未来美国为了阻止中华人民共和国进入联合国需付出更大努力。

The ramification of the 15th session of the UN General Assembly showed that the moratorium policy proposed by the United States to prevent China from entering the UN became untenable.In 1961,Britain and the United States began to formulate their new China policies:Britain first proposed the plan of China's entry with Taiwan withdrawal,which was opposed by the United States and other allies,while the United States proposed the plan of successor state,which was also opposed by Britain and other allies.Then,the United States put forward a new plan combining the important question proposal with the committee proposal,which was supported by Britain after consideration.After Taiwan government agreed to give up its veto on Outer Mongolia's accession to the UN,the United States abandoned the committee s plan.In order not to offend the various parties,Britain chose a strategy of sitting on the fence:decide to support the Soviet Union's proposal to restore China s rights and interests in the UN,while supporting the important question proposal advanced by United States.In the end,China failed to enter the UN.The change of British policy in 1961 showed that the Britain would no longer fully support the China policy of United States.In the future,as China's entrance into the UN became an irresistible trend,the United States would have to make greater efforts to prevent China from entering the UN.