论风险社会中个体性的消解

On the Elimination of Individuality in Risk Society

工业社会的人具有个体性,或者说,个体性是人的社会属性,让人以个体的形式拥有人权和参与各种各样的社会活动。但是,人的个体性是历史地生成的,在农业社会的家元共同体中,人是同质性的存在物,不具有个体性,只是到了工业社会,人的个体性才得以生成,并构成了全部社会建构的基础。人类历史进入全球化、后工业化进程中,社会呈现出了高度复杂性和不确定性。随着风险社会的出现,人的个体性无论是在积极的历史进步的轨道上还是在消极的风险社会压力下,都正在呈现出消解的状况。人的个体性是资本主义赖以成立的前提。因为,在人的个体性中产生了利益意识和利益追求的行动,开始了人与人的竞争,从而开始了人类在不知不觉中走向风险社会的行程。在风险社会中,个体性以及从个体性出发的所有行动都是有害的,因而,必然要为人的共生共在的客观要求所替代。从人的共生共在出发,将会建构起合作行动模式,并通过合作行动开辟出一条人类在风险社会中的生存之道。

People in industrial society have individuality,or individuality is the social attribute of people,which makes people have human rights and participate in various social activities in the form of individuals.However,the individuality of human is generated historically.In the family community of agricultural society,human is the existence of homogeneity and does not have individuality.It is only in the industrial society that the individuality of human is generated and forms the basis of all social construction.With the human history entering the process of globalization and post industrialization,with the society showing a high degree of complexity and uncertainty,with the emergence of risk society,the individual character of human being,whether on the track of positive historical progress or under the pressure of negative risk society,is showing a state of digestion.The individuality of human being is the premise of the establishment of capitalism.Because,in the individuality of human beings,there is interest consciousness and action of interest pursuit,which starts the competition between human beings and the journey of human beings to risk society unconsciously.In the risk society,individuality and all actions from individuality are harmful.Therefore,they must be replaced by the objective requirements of human coexistence.Starting from the co-existence of human beings,the cooperative action mode will be constructed,and a way for human beings to survive in a risk society will be opened up through cooperative action.