“科学”概念的中国化

“Science”as a Sinicized Concept

[1]在中西文化里,"求知"的传统很不相同。儒家的书生,通过研习经典来理解圣人的教诲,并结合修身来认识道德内涵;西方的智者,以求"确定的知识"为目的,探究事物的真相。从而,形成了两种对于知识体系表述的差异。[2]国学典籍《大学》最先提出士人的功课:"格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下",后将前两条简称为"格致",意为"通过研究事物的原理从中获得知识",主要有两个目标:一是通过穷理达到对世间万物的认识,即程朱理学说的"天理";二是通过经世致用与儒家伦理相结合。

[1]In Chinese and Western cultures,the traditions of acquiring knowledge are quite different.Confucian scholars were to understand the masters’teachings by reading their classics and to internalize its moral doctrines through self-cultivation.Western wise men,on the other hand,sought truth by way of obtaining the“defined episteme”.Different ways of presenting the two knowledge systems have therefore been formulated.