美国对华科技企业限制:措施、影响与应对建议

US restrictions on technology companies in China: measures, impacts, and suggestions

2017年中美经贸摩擦以来,美国陆续采取了301调查措施、投资安全审查措施、出口管制措施、经济制裁和特定领域制裁措施对我国科技企业发展进行限制,该措施短期内对部分科技行业关键原材料供应造成危机,长期使我国科技产业国际合作、人才交流受到不同程度阻滞。这些措施多以行政调查方式为主,以国内现有法律的现代化改革规则为依据。为防范这些措施的影响继续蔓延,我国政府和企业应做好多方面应对措施。

Since the Sino-U.S. Trade frictions in 2017, the United States has successively adopted 301 investigation measures, investment security review measures, export control measures, economic sanctions, and sanctions in specific sectors. The development of China’s science and technology enterprises is restricted. These measures have caused a shortterm crisis on the supply of key raw materials in some science and technology industries, which also have a long-term negative impact on the international cooperation and talent exchange of China’s science and technology industry to varying degrees. Most of these measures are based on administrative investigations and are based on the modernization reform rules of domestic laws. In order to prevent the impact of these measures from continuing to spread, our government and enterprises should do a number of measures at the same time. For this purpose, this article analyzes the content, impact, and suggestions for countermeasures.