含发酵饲料的全混合日粮对肉牛瘤胃离体发酵、生长性能和血液特性的影响

Effects of total mixed ration inclusion of fermented feed on rumen fermentation,growth performance and blood characteristics of beef cattle

本研究以发酵饲料和全混合日粮为原料,通过两个试验研究了瘤胃体外发酵及其对肉牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验1选择3头带有瘤胃插管的阉割肉牛,分别饲喂处理1组日粮(18.4%发酵饲料、黑麦草、牛尾草和全株大麦)、处理2组日粮(17.7%发酵饲料、水稻秸秆、牛尾草和全株大麦)、处理3组日粮(水稻秸秆、牛尾草和全株大麦),之后收集瘤胃液,在体外发酵48h。试验2选择48头体重为(160±10)kg的肉牛,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂全混合日粮,处理组分别饲喂试验1中的3种日粮。结果 :产气量随发酵时间的延长而增加,在孵育12~24h内,各处理组的总气体产量差异显著(P <0.05)。处理2和3组在孵育6h时的pH显著高于处理1组(P <0.05)。挥发性脂肪酸从0~48h逐渐升高,乳酸在孵育9h后降低。除了处理2组在孵育24和48h乙酸和乳酸浓度显著高于其他组外(P <0.05)。处理组日增重和饲料下来较对照组显著提高18.92%和33.33%(P <0.05)。各组血清白蛋白浓度在试验结束前均显著提高(P <0.05),而各组血清葡萄糖浓度从56d到112d显著升高(P <0.05)。结论 :用秸秆和全大麦配合发酵饲料可以提高瘤胃体外降解特性,改善肉牛生长性能和血液生化指标。

In this study,fermentation of rumen in vitro and its effect on growth performance and blood biochemical indexes of beef cattle were studied through two experiments using fermented feed and full mixed diet as raw materials.In experiment 1,3 head with rumen cannula castration of beef cattle,feeding processing,respectively,1 set of the diet(18.4%fermented feed,ryegrass,ox tail grass and whole barley),deal with 2 groups diet(17.7%fermented feed,rice straw,ox tail grass and whole barley),dealing with three groups diet(rice straw,ox tail grass,and whole barley),after collecting tumor,gastric juice in vitro fermentation 48 h.Experiment 2:48 beef cattle weighing 160±10 kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups.The control group was fed a full mixed diet,and the treatment group was fed three diets in experiment 1.Results:gas production increased with the prolongation of fermentation time,and the total gas production of each treatment group was significantly different within 12~24 h of incubation(P<0.05).PH values in treatment 2 and 3 groups were significantly higher than that in treatment 1 group(P<0.05).The volatile fatty acids gradually increased from 0~48 h,and the lactic acid decreased after 9 h of incubation.The concentration of acetic acid and lactic acid in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).The daily gain and feed in the treatment group were 18.92%and 33.33%higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Serum albumin concentration in each group increased significantly before the end of the experiment(P<0.05),while serum glucose concentration in each group increased significantly from 56 d to 112 d(P<0.05).Conclusion:the combination of straw and whole barley with fermented feed can improve in vitro degradation characteristics of rumen,improve growth performance and blood biochemical indexes of beef cattle.