睡眠时长对自评健康的影响及其年龄差异

The Effect of Sleep Duration on Self-rated Health and Its Age Difference

睡眠是个体保持正常生理机能和社会活动的基础,不良睡眠状况,如过短或者过长的睡眠时间将影响到个体生活的多个方面,进而对自评健康产生影响,然而国内尚缺乏定量实证性文献研究二者的关系。采用2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,通过对睡眠时长的标准化划分,在控制了人口学等变量的基础上,利用Logistic回归模型进行定量研究,分析睡眠时长对自评健康的影响。统计结果显示,样本平均睡眠时长为7.46(±1.73)小时,女性较男性存在睡眠时长过短的情况,近一半的中老年人自评健康较差,睡眠时长与自评健康显著相关。回归模型结果显示,睡眠时长和自评健康存在"U"型相关关系,与睡眠时长为8小时的人相比,睡眠时长≤5小时可能使自评健康较差的风险增加69%,睡眠时长为9小时可能使自评健康较差的风险增加18%,睡眠时长≥10小时可能使自评健康较差的风险增加31%。在控制了年龄因素的情况下,中年人过短睡眠时长者自评健康状况差,而老年人过长睡眠时长者自评健康差。本研究结果揭示了适度睡眠时长和良好睡眠质量对自评健康的重要性。从健康干预的实践角度,建议应对不同年龄组的人群进行不同的睡眠干预方案,以有效地提高其健康水平。

Sleep is the basis for individual to keep normal psychological function and social activities.Poor sleep like too short or too long sleep duration will influence so many aspects in individual’s life,and make an effect on self-rated health.However,there are few quantitative studies to analyze the association between sleep duration and self-rated health.Using data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),we classified the sleep duration according to a standard.After controlling for the demographic variables,we used typical Logistic regression models to conduct a quantitative research,and analyzed the effect of sleep duration on self-reported health.The statistical results showed that the average hour of sleep was 7.46±1.73.Compared with men,women were used to shorter sleep duration.Almost half of the middleaged and older adults were more likely to be in poor self-rated health. Sleep duration was significantly associated with self-rated health( as χ~2 test showed). Regression models showed that there was a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and self-rated health,which standed for the effect of too short or too long sleep duration on self-rated health. After controlling for the age factor,those with too short sleep duration were more likely to be in poor self-rated health in middle age,while those with too long sleep duration are more likely to be in poor self-rated health in old age. Our study showed the importance of moderate sleep and good sleep quality on self-rated health,and they can improve self-rated health status. Therefore,from the perspectives of health prevention,we suggest carrying out different interventions about sleep for people in different age groups to effectively improve the health level of them.