豫西旱地小麦—玉米种植模式下农田水分供应及水分利用效率研究

Study on Water Supply and Water Use Efficiency under Wheat-Maize Cropping Pattern in Dry-land of Western Henan Province

应用定位监测试验方法,系统分析了豫西旱作区降水、小麦—玉米播种时底墒、产量与水分相关性等方面的变化。结果表明:(1)年度降水与生育期内降水不足、分布不均是影响小麦、玉米产量及稳定性的关键因素;(2)旱作小麦—玉米一体化种植模式下,受降水量少影响,多数年份播种前土壤墒情较差;(3)小麦产量与生育期内降水量相关性较低,与底墒相关性显著,小麦高产要求底墒提供100 mm以上的有效水分;玉米获得高产一方面需要较好的底墒,且更需要较多的降水(大于250 mm),降水的分布比降水量更为重要;(4)不同年度间水分利用效率差异较大,玉米水分利用效率平均高于小麦0.46 kg/m 3。

By using the method of location monitoring,the changes of precipitation,soil moisture during sowing and the correlation between yield and water content in the dry farming area of western Henan Province were analyzed systematically.The results showed that:(1)The lack of annual precipitation and precipitation during the growth period and uneven distribution were the key factors affecting the yield and stability of wheat and corn.(2)The soil moisture was poor before sowing in most years due to the influence of less precipitation under the integrated planting pattern of wheat and maize in dry-land farming.(3)The correlation between wheat yield and precipitation during the growth period was low,and the correlation between wheat yield and soil moisture at the bottom was significant.High yield of wheat required available water above 100 mm,while maize required better soil moisture and more precipitation(more than 250 mm),and the distribution of precipitation is more important than precipitation.(4)There was a great difference in water use efficiency among different years,and the arerage water use efficiency of maize was higher than that of wheat by 0.46 kg/m 3.