日汉对译语篇中主语隐现浅析

Subject Omission and Non-Omission in Japanese-Chinese Inter-translation Texts

日语和汉语在主语的隐现方式上存在一定的共通性,但仍存在不少不对等现象。通过对对译文本中主语隐现的考察可发现日语主语隐含频率明显高于汉语主语省略,这体现出日汉语言语法、语篇构造、语用心理等差异。日语主语往往隐含于授受表达、敬语表达、主观情感表达等句式,在语篇构成上常作为主题主语被省略,体现了主题省略的高可及性功能。汉语则往往较为注重句式的完整性,主语省略通过语用前提、语境、交际关联性来实现。两语言中主语隐现的基本功能是一致的,即优化表达效果、调整信息结构、明确主观态度等。文本不对等是基于以上因素的译者主体性的体现。

Subject omission is particularly common phenomenon between Chinese and Japanese,but there are also many differences.With studying on the inter-translation texts,it is found that the subject omission occurs more frequently in Japanese because of the Person Restriction of Emotional Expressions,Benefactive Constructions,Honorific Expressions and so on,while in the text structure it is the embodiment of the high accessibility of topical subject omission.In Chinese,the completeness of sentence structure is emphasized,and subject omission is realized by pragmatic premise,context and communicative relevance.In any case,the basic functions of subject omission and non-omission in both languages can be analyzed as follows:optimizing the expression effect,adjusting the information structure,and clarifying the subjective attitude.Translation bias is a manifestation of translator􀆳s subjectivity based on the above factors.