粤方言后置连词“啊”的功能类型与语法化--以广西崇左市龙州白话为例

Functional Types and Grammarization of Post-Conjunction“Ah”in Cantonese Dialect--Take Longzhou Vernacular as an Example

以广西崇左市龙州白话为例,从句法、韵律对粤语选择问句中的“X啊Y”格式作描写分析发现:“啊”是一个后置连词,由句末语气词基于韵律表征功能进一步语法化而来,属于兼表预见语气和选择关系的成分。结合古代、近代汉语以及现代汉语方言研究成果可推断:在现代汉语北方话、粤语、赣语、客家话和湘语中存在一个与“还是”平行演变的选择问句标记层次。该层次见于宋元以来的汉语口语,与汉语疑问语气的表达系统及其演变有密切联系。

Taking Longzhou vernacular as an example,based on the description and analysis of the format of“X ah Y”in the Cantonese choice question sentence,it is found that“ah”is a post-conjunction which is further grammaticalized based on the function of prosodic representation,and belongs to the component of both the predicted mood and the selection relationship.Combining with the research results of ancient and modern Chinese and other modern Chinese dialects,it can be inferred that there is a choice question mark level of parallel evolution with“or”in modern Chinese northern dialect,Cantonese,Gan dialect,Hakka dialect and Xiang dialect.This level is found in the spoken Chinese language since the Song and Yuan dynasties,and is closely related to the expression system of Chinese interrogative tone and its evolution.