行政诉讼跨区域管辖制度的现状检视与路径探索

Review of the status quo of cross-regional jurisdiction in administrative litigation and path exploration

行政诉讼跨区域管辖的实施是司法体制改革的重要环节。近年来,我国已有多个省市对此进行了积极的试点和探索。从试点情况来看,行政诉讼跨区域管辖取得了一定成效,但同时也暴露出一系列问题,如相关法条规定具有高度概括性和模糊性、一定程度上牺牲了当事人的诉讼便利和管辖选择权、诉讼成本增加、调查取证难和执行难的问题进一步加重等。解决上述问题,应当在制度设计时遵循“两便原则”,尊重原告的管辖选择权;加强跨区域管辖法院的行政审判队伍建设,健全其行使审判权的保障机制;完善调查取证和执行制度,等等。国家提出“探索设立跨行政区划法院”构想,在原铁路运输法院的框架基础上探索设立跨行政区划法院,是目前情况下成本最低且最适宜现状的改革路径。

The implementation of cross-regional jurisdiction in administrative litigation is an important part of the reform of judicial system.In recent years,many provinces and cities in China have actively experimented and explored on this.Judging from the pilot situation,the cross-regional jurisdiction in administrative litigation has achieved certain results,but a series of problems are also exposed,such as the relevant laws and regulations are highly generalized and vague,the party’s litigation convenience and jurisdiction choice are sacrificed to a certain extent,litigation costs are increased,and difficulties in investigating and obtaining evidence and enforcement are further aggravated.To solve the above-mentioned problems,the“both-convenient principles”should be followed when designing the system,and the plaintiff’s jurisdictional choices should be respected;the construction of the administrative adjudication team of cross-regional jurisdiction courts should be strengthened,and the guarantee mechanism for exercising their judicial power should be improved;and the system of investigating and obtaining evidence and enforcement should be improved.The state proposes the concept of“exploring the establishment of a cross-administrative division court”,so exploring the establishment of a cross-administrative division court on the basis of the original railway transportation court is the reform path with the lowest cost and the most suitable to status quo at present.