长江三角洲地区营商环境政策举措与效果评价

Policy measures and effect evaluation of business environment in the Yangtze River Delta

新冠肺炎疫情之后,各国将更加重视产业集群竞争,而营商环境则是吸引产业集聚的关键因素。目前,长江三角洲地区已进入区域高质量一体化发展加速阶段,对营商环境建设特别是与营商环境相关的一体化制度创新提出了更高要求。当前,长江三角洲地区优化营商环境建设既存在共性特征,如已形成整体推进态势、各行政区域内部实现数据共享交换、均存在诸多短板和突出问题、制度安排缺乏协调性等,也具有一定的差异性,如创新举措各具特色各有侧重、所制定的营商环境评价体系不统一等。为量化分析长江三角洲各省市营商环境建设实际成效,可选取政府服务、产业转型、地区功能、人才环境4个一级指标和25个二级指标,采用熵值赋权法确定指标权重并进行综合评分。结果发现,上海市得分最高,其次是浙江省和江苏省,安徽省最低。为进一步改善营商环境,引领全国营商环境建设,上海市应发挥配套服务综合成本优势以弥补土地成本劣势,提高资金对实体产业支持力度,缓解医疗资源紧张态势,缩短通勤时间;浙江省应加大公共文化设施供给;江苏省应降低企业成本,改善环境质量并充分发挥财政的作用;安徽省应抓住长江三角洲地区一体化契机全面优化营商环境。此外,长江三角洲各省市在优化自身营商环境建设的同时,还要立足区域整体,充分发挥各省市协同效应,实现区域内数据信息共享,构建统一的营商环境评价指标和评价模式。

After the new coronavirus outbreak,countries will pay more attention to competition in industrial clusters,and the business environment is a key factor in attracting industrial agglomeration.The Yangtze River Delta region has entered an accelerated phase of regional high-quality integration,which puts forward higher requirements for the construction of the business environment,especially the integration of institutional innovations related to the business environment.At present,though there are some common characteristics in the Yangtze River Delta region in terms of the optimizing the business environment,such as the exchange of data,the lack of institutional coordinated arrangement,and so on,there are still some differences in terms of innovative measures and the evaluation system.To carry out the quantitative analysis on the real effect of business environment construction in the Yangtze River Delta,we can choose four first-level indicators,such as government service,industrial transformation,regional function,and talent environment,and 25 second-level indicators,and adopt the entropy weighting method to determine the weight of certain indicator and work out the comprehensive score.It is found that Shanghai has the highest score,and then the Zhejiang and Jiangsu province;and Anhui province has the lowest one.To further optimize the business environment and lead the construction of business environment in China,Shanghai should take advantage of the low cost of supporting service to cover the cost of land,increase investment in real economy,alleviate the pressure of medical resource,and shorten the time of commuting;Zhejiang should increase the supply of public cultural infrastructure;Jiangsu should reduce enterprises’cost,improve the quality of environment,and give play to the role of public finance;and Anhui should seize the opportunity of integration in the Yangtze River Delta region to optimize the overall business environment.Besides,these provinces and cities should pay attention to the whole region development,give play to the role of coordination effect of all these provinces and cities,realize the sharing of date within the region,and establish the unified evaluation indicator system and evaluation pattern for business environment.