财产权相对消灭论:经由民法和行政法的双重正当性检验——以无偿收回设定抵押权的闲置土地使用权为分析对象

The Theory of Relative Elimination:Examination for Its Propriety from both Civil Laws and Administrative Laws--On Recovering without Compensation the Land Use Right of the Idle Land with Mortgage

在财产权负载他物权的权利叠加情形,他物权扣减了财产权的权能,财产权会因适格的消灭事由发生而相对于财产权人消灭,但相对于他物权并不消灭,此即财产权相对消灭论。在土地使用权设立抵押权后,该土地被依法认定为闲置土地并被无偿收回时,应适用财产权相对消灭论,结果是土地使用权消灭,但抵押权持续存在,这不仅符合民法原理和规范,还能通过行政法中比例原则、公益利益、行政处罚和信赖保护的检验,具有正当性。

Once any jus in re aliena existing in one property right,one part of the property right is deprived by the former.In this case,the property right would be eliminated relatively for the property owner based on eligible eliminated reasons,while still exists for jus in re aliena,which is called as the theory of relative elimination for property rights.This theory should be applied for the situation in which the idle land is recovered without compensation by the government but there is mortgage on the land before it is identified as idle land.Therefore,the land use right would be eliminated but the mortgage still exists.The theory not only accords with civil law theories and norms,but also holds up for the examination from the principle of proportion,public interest,administrative penalty and the doctrine of legitimate expectation.