从“学院自由主义”到“贝尔纳主义”——竺可桢对中国现代科学发展道路认识的转变

From Liberalism to Bernalism:the Transformation of ZHU Kezhen’s Understanding about the Development Path of Modern Science in China

竺可桢对中国现代科学发展道路的认识经历了从学院自由主义到贝尔纳主义的转变。抱有"科学救国"思想的竺可桢在20世纪40年代便已高度关注贝尔纳的思想,并在一定程度上认同科学的社会功能。新中国成立前后,他开始主动了解和学习作为贝尔纳主义一种实践的苏联计划科学模式。中国共产党确立的新中国科学发展方向,本质上也是一种贝尔纳主义的道路。随着新中国科学事业的持续推进和对中共认识的不断加深,竺可桢对中共的科技政策,经历了从期望、认同,到拥护和贯彻的过程,最终他全身心投入到新中国的科学事业中。

ZHU Kezhen’s understanding about the development path of modern science in China has transformed from liberalism to Bernalism.This transformation can be interpreted as a gradual change in the evolution of China’s modern scientific culture,rather than a sudden change caused by the founding of the People’s Republic of China.With the thought of saving the country by science,Zhu Kezhen has paid high attention to Bernalism since the 1940s and recognized the social function of science to a certain degree.Around the same time as the People’s Republic of China was founded,he proactively began to learn about the planning model of science by the former Soviet Union,which led him to gradually realize that Bernalism is the direction for China’s science.As China’s cause of science developed continuously and Zhu Kezhen deepened his understanding about the Communist Party of China,his attitude towards the science policies issued by the Communist Party of China experienced a process of expectation,recognition,support and implementation.Ultimately,he devoted himself to the development of China’s cause of science.