基于Pairwise算法的人车事故中人伤影响因素分析

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Human Injury in Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Accident Based on Pairwise Algorithms

根据影响骑车人头部损伤的可能因素(汽车车速、电动车车速、碰撞角、骑车人面朝方向、地面附着系数、前置汽车发动机罩离地高度等9个因素)建立模型进行试验。经研究分析发现:在正向撞击过程中,骑车人头部HIC值受肢体作用汽车表面的影响,此作用随车速的提升迅速减缓;汽车处于低速行驶撞击时(速度小于30 km/h),骑车人HIC值随汽车发动机罩离地高度逐次增加而减小;汽车处于高速行驶撞击时(速度大于等于30 km/h),骑车人HIC值随汽车发动机罩离地高度逐次增加而增大;当相对速度(即汽车前进方向上,电动车速度与汽车分速度之和)超过40 km/h时,骑车人头部有很大可能受到伤害或严重损伤。碰撞角为0°时骑车人头部伤害最重,碰撞角为90°时骑车人头部伤害最轻;骑车人头部与接触面作用时间越短,头部HIC值越大。

According to the possible factors affecting the head injury of cyclists,the model tests were conducted on 9 factors,including vehicle speed,electric vehicle speed,collision angle,cyclist faceto-face direction,ground adhesion coefficient,and the height of the front hood. The research and analysis show that the HIC value of the head of the cyclist is affected by the body’s action on the surface of the vehicle during the forward impact process,which slows down rapidly with the increase of the speed of the vehicle;when the vehicle is in a low-speed driving impact( the speed is less than 30 km/h),the HIC value of the cyclist decreases with the increase of the height of the hood from the ground;when the vehicle is in a high-speed driving impact( the speed is greater than 30 km/h),the HIC value of the cyclist decreases with the increase of the height of the hood from the ground. When the relative speed( i. e. the sum of electric vehicle speed and vehicle speed) exceeds 40 km/h,the head of the cyclist may be injured or seriously damaged;when the impact angle is 0 the head injury of the cyclist is the most serious,and when the impact angle is 90 the head injury of the cyclist is the least;when the relative speed( i. e.,the sum of electric vehicle speed and vehicle speed) exceeds 40 km/h,the head injury of the cyclist is the least serious. The shorter the action time,the greater the HIC value of the head.