自由主义和社群主义的对峙及出路

The Confrontation and Way out of Liberalism and Communitarianism

自由主义与社群主义的争执主要集中于权利与善的优先地位、正义和美德问题。这两个派别各有其基本理论立场,也各有其局限性,自由主义主张抽象的自我本体,社群主义则主张人们生活于其中的社群本体,两者都没有揭示人类社会的本真存在方式。真正能够揭示人的本真存在方式的本体论是共在论。马克思主义实践哲学所秉持的就是典型的共在本体论哲学立场,它能够从根本上超越当代自由主义和社群主义理论局限与实践困境。

The dispute between liberalism and communitarianism focuses on the priority status of rights and goodness, justice and virtue. These two factions have their own theoretical basic positions and their own limitations. Liberalism advocates abstract self-ontology and communitarianism advocates the community ontology in which people live. Neither of them reveals the true existence of human society the way. The ontology that can truly reveal the true way of human existence is coexistence. Marxist practical philosophy is a typical philosophical position of co-ontology, which can fundamentally transcend the theoretical limitations and practical dilemmas of contemporary liberalism and communitarianism.