好谏而招忧发愤以抒情——论屈原《九章·惜诵》的题义与主题兼及注释古文的若干原则

Liking Expostulation Resulting in Bitterness,VentingWrath and Pent-up Thought--On Meaning of Title and Theme of Qu Yuan's Xi Song of Nine Pieces

关于《九章·惜诵》的篇题"惜诵"及"惜诵以致愍"句的解释,历来异说纷纭,莫衷一是,已经影响到对于此诗题义与主题的正确理解。当下流行的"惜诵"为"痛惜地陈述往事以表达忧苦"的说法并不周全,而篇题"惜诵"即"好谏","惜诵以致愍"即"好谏以招忧"之意。如此解释不仅于文字训诂有据,置于原诗上下文的具体语境中文意贯通,而且也与屈原因屡屡"直谏"而招致忧患的行事相符,还能够与本诗诸如"竭忠诚以事君,反离群而赘肬""疾亲君而无他,有招祸之道也""忠何罪以遇罚""闻作忠以造怨"等诗句对应互训;而"好谏而招忧,发愤以抒情"亦即《惜诵》的思想主题,同时这两句诗也构成了贯穿全诗结构内容的基本线索。

Interpretation of the title Xi Song(《惜诵》)and the sentence Xi Song Yi Zhi Ming(惜颂以致愍)in Xi Song in Nine Pieces(《九章》)always is various,thus the theme of Xi Song can't be exactly comprehended.Xi Song means liking expostulation,and Xi Song Yi Zhi Ming means that liking expostulation results in bitterness(好谏而招忧),doesn't mean expressing bitterness by regrettably telling some past events.On the basis of exegeses,this conclusion accords with context of Xi Song,accords with Qu Yuan's deed of straightforward expostulation in history,and accords with some sentences of Xi Song.Liking expostulation resulting in bitterness,and venting wrath and pent-up thought(发愤以抒情)is the theme of Xi Song,running through the piece.