新冠肺炎疫情下的宗族组织与乡村共同体再造

Reconstruction of Clan Organizations and Rural Communitiesunder COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control

进入风险社会时代,基层社会治理遭遇严重挑战。"集中力量办大事"的举国体制侧重于风险酿成危机后的善后治理,是"排山倒海"地危机应对,还是力量下沉、着力于细微之处的风险预警、社区应对和民众动员,这是需要引起重视的重大现实问题。倡导基层治理创新之于农村村落,迫切呼唤应时代之需的乡村生活共同体的重塑与再造。文章基于新冠肺炎疫情肆虐期间对豫东南地区S县的田野考察,发现基于宗族构成熟人社会的乡村社区通过集体防疫抗疫、积极复工复产,宗族共同体集体行动和国家的疫情防控基层治理需要形成了内在一致性:一是宗族组织的积极动员与有效倡导,形成了基层社区早期防疫秩序的建构与表征;二是宗族组织建构了外出务工者可资利用的关系网络,强化了陌生人社会的社会资本的形成;三是宗族传统习俗的适时权变,带来基层社会内部治理效能的改善。宗族组织通过一种共同体生活维系的形式,服务于把乡村地域社会建设成为风险社会时代有恢复能力的共同体型社区,实现了新冠肺炎疫情背景下乡村共同体的重塑与再造。这种对国家基层治理能力有效补充的形式与内容,值得持续地研究与探讨。

In the era of risk society,community-level social governance has encountered serious challenges.The whole country system with concentrated efforts for big and key projects focuses on the post-crisis management caused by risks.It is a major practical problem that we have to pay more attention to think actively about whether we should deal with the crisis in an overwhelming way or focus on the subtle risk warning,community response and mass mobilization.To advocate the innovation of grass-roots governance in rural villages urgently calls for the remolding and reconstruction of rural life community in response to the needs of The Times.The article based on the field investigation of southeast of S county in Henan province during COVID-19 outbreak,found that consists of one family of acquaintance society has the natural advantage in the rural community in epidemic prevention and control,returning to work and production,the clan community collective action and a national epidemic prevention and control of grassroots governance need to form the inner consistency:firstly is the clan organization of active mobilization and effective advocacy,formed the grassroots community early prevention construction and characterization of order;secondly,the clan organization constructs the relationship network that the migrant workers can use,and strengthens the formation of the social capital of the stranger society;thirdly,the change of clan traditions and customs has improved the effectiveness of grassroots governance.Through a form of maintaining community life,clan organizations realize the remolding and reconstruction of rural community,improve the internal governance efficiency of grass-roots society,and serve to build rural regional society into a resilient community of common body type in the era of risk society.The form and content of this effective supplement to the country's grass-roots governance capacity are worthy of continuous research and discussion.