浓香型窖泥原核微生物群落多样性及其在窖池中的空间异质性

Biodiversity and spatial heterogeneity of prokaryote community instrong-flavor Baijiu fermentation pit muds

利用高通量测序技术解析河南某浓香型白酒企业35年窖龄窖泥原核微生物群落多样性及其在窖壁上层、中层、下层和窖底窖泥中的分布。厚壁菌门(71.1%)和拟杆菌门(16.3%)为供试窖泥的主要优势菌门;78.1%(共32个)的优势属隶属梭菌纲和拟杆菌纲,其中产己酸菌属含量最高(27.3%),且存在大量未鉴定菌属(17.5%)。对α-和β-的多样性分析表明,窖泥原核微生物群落:(1)物种多样性和丰度存在空间分布差异但不显著(P>0.05);(2)门、纲、属和操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU)水平组成均具明显的空间异质性。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)显示,pH和有效磷可能是影响窖泥微生物群落空间分布的主要理化因素。该文较系统地研究了窖泥微生物群落多样性的窖池空间分布规律及其影响因素,为探究不同位置窖泥对白酒生产的具体影响和贡献提供理论依据,同时丰富了河南产区窖泥原核微生物群落多样性的内容。

Based on the high-throughput sequencing technology,the community diversity and its spatial heterogeneity of the prokaryotes harbored in pit muds locating at the top(PW-T),middle(PW-M),under layers(PW-U)of the pit wall and the bottom(PB),were analyzed.Fermentation pit muds were collected from a strong-flavor Baijiu company in Henan province.Firmicutes(71.1%)and Bacteroidetes(16.3%)were the dominant microorganisms,and a total of 78.1%(32 in total)of the dominant genera classified into classes of Clostridia or Bacteroidia,among which the Caproiciproducens was the predominant genus(27.3%)and there were a large number of unidentified genera(17.5%).The α-and β-diversity analysis showed that:(i)there were some spatial differences in pit-mud prokaryotic community diversity and species-abundance though not significant(P>0.05);(ii)there were spatial heterogeneities of pit mud prokaryotic community composition at the levels of phylum,class,genus and operational taxonomic units(OTU).Furthermore,redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the pH and available phosphorus may be the main physicochemical factors affecting the spatial distribution of prokaryotic community in pit mud.The spatial distribution of pit mud prokaryotic community diversity and its influencing factors were systematically studied in this work,which could provide a theoretical basis for exploring the specific effects and contribution of pit muds locating in different zones of fermentation pit for the strong-flavor Baijiu production,as well as enriched the content of pit mud prokaryotic community diversity in Henan Baijiu production area.