银川市西夏区地震应急避难场所优化布局研究

Study on the Optimal Layout of Earthquake Emergency Shelters in Xixia District of Yinchuan

银川市位于"银川-河套"地震带,是八度抗震设防区。针对银川市防灾避难场所建设相对滞后的现状,以银川市西夏区为例,从大学城特殊的城市功能区划出发,基于就近性、可达性、容纳性和平灾结合等原则,应用GIS空间分析功能分析了西夏区地震应急避难场所的空间分布,并基于公共设施区位配置模型(LA模型)开展了西夏区地震应急避难场所空间布局优化研究,提出"应急避难场所+X"(X表示公园绿地、广场、学校操场、公共用地等)的应急避难场所空间布局优化模式,提升了避难场所设置的合理性,使得疏散路径、防灾疏散覆盖面积更具科学性。本研究可为城市地震应急避难场所的规划布局提供参考。

Yinchuan City is located in an octave seismic fortification zone knowing as the "Yinchuan-Hetao" seismic zone.Studying on the relatively lagging construction of the emergency shelters in Yinchuan,this paper taks Xixia district as an example,and starts with the particular functional divisions in the university town region.With the principles of proximity,accessibility,capacity,and the integration of calamity and peace,this paper applies the GIS spatial analysis to analyzing the spatial distribution of the emergency shelters in Xixia district and proposes an optimal layout mode for emergency shelter.This emergency shelter + X( X is green space,squares,schools,public buildings,etc)is based on the public facility location allocation model(LA model) and enhances the rationalities of the emergency shelter arrangement,the evacuation routes,and the coverage of the evacuation area.The study provides a reference for the planning and layout of urban earthquake emergency shelters.