GNSS三天线远海船舶姿态测量方法

Method of GNSS three-antenna far-sea vessel attitude measurement

针对海洋导航测姿中,远海无法采用岸边架设基准站的形式,导致全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)实时动态差分(RTK)高精度相对定位模式并不适用的问题,提出1种GNSS远海测姿方法:以GNSS三天线为基础,通过直接解法计算船体姿态信息,不需要提前测定基线长度,可直接对观测值求解,模型简单、计算量小;并采用动态参考站差分(MBD)与精密单点定位(PPP)进行GNSS三天线姿态计算;最后设计远海测姿实验,分别采用MBD、PPP,与Seapath 320高精度导航测姿系统进行对比分析。结果表明,MBD模式下的测姿精度明显优于PPP模式,且测姿精度稳定,是提高远海姿态观测可靠性的有效方法。

Aiming at the problem that the GNSS-RTK high-precise relative positioning mode is not applicable because it is difficult to erect the base station on far-sea as the mode on the shore in the marine navigation attitude measurement,the paper proposed a far-sea attitude surveying method using GNSS:based on GNSS three antennas,the vessel attitude information was calculated by a direct solution,which could be used to directly solve the observed values with simple and little computation and no need to measure the baseline length in advance;and MBD and PPP were used to compute the attitude of GNSS three antennas;finally an experiment of far-sea attitude measurement was designed with the comparative analysis on the modes of MBD and PPP,taking the data of Seapath 320 high-precise attitude measurement system as reference.Results showed that the attitude measurement accuracy of MBD would be significantly higher than that of PPP with stable accuracy,indicating that MBD could be an effective method for improving the reliability of far-sea attitude measurement.